现有的光谱共焦显微镜色散物镜的量程大多在数毫米量级, 为满足工业测量领域对大量程线性色散物镜的需求, 文章从线性色散物镜设计原理出发, 采用高性价比环境友好型光学玻璃, 设计了一款仅由五片全球面镜片组成的超大量程线性色散物镜。设计结果表明, 该物镜在400~700nm波长范围内的轴向色散达到30.44mm, 且色散-波长线性度高于0.99, 具有优异的线性关系, 理论分辨率可以达到2.034μm。

T型相变存储器的低功耗、非易失性、高存储密度和高可靠性等优势使其被国际半导体工业协会认为是下一代半导体存储器的主流产品之一。为了保证T型相变存储器制造工艺的可控性，提出了一种基于光学散射的纳米结构三维形貌参数测量方法。基于严格耦合波分析方法建立了T型相变存储器的光学特性模型。分析了待测样品上椭圆偏振光的振幅和相位变化量。用逆散射问题反演求解待测纳米结构的三维形貌参数等信息。利用光学散射仪对T型相变存储器的三维形貌参数进行测量，并将待测参数的提取结果与扫描电子显微镜的测量结果进行对比，验证了光学散射仪在T型相变存储器形貌表征及制造工艺监控上的可行性与有效性。

由于硅通孔互连(Through Silicon Via,TSV)三维封装内部缺陷深藏于器件及封装内部,采用常规方法很难检测。然而TSV三维封装缺陷在热-电激励的情况下可表现出规则性的外在特征,因此可以通过识别这些外在特征达到对TSV三维封装内部缺陷进行检测的目的。文章利用理论与有限元仿真相结合,对比了正常TSV与典型缺陷TSV的温度分布,发现了可供缺陷识别的显著差异。分析结果表明,在三种典型缺陷中,含缝隙TSV与正常TSV温度分布差异最小; 其次为底部空洞TSV,差异最大的为填充缺失TSV。由此可知,通过检测热-电耦合激励下的TSV封装外部温度特征,可实现TSV三维封装互连结构内部缺陷诊断与定位。

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is now widely used in fluidized bed granulation. However, there are still some demerits that should be overcome in practice. Valid spectra selection during modeling process is now a hard nut to crack. In this study, a novel NIR sensor and a cosine distance method were introduced to solve this problem in order to make the fluidized process into "visualization". A NIR sensor was fixed on the side of the expansion chamber to acquire the NIR spectra. Then valid spectra were selected based on a cosine distance method to reduce the influence of dynamic disturbances. Finally, spectral pretreatment and wavelength selection methods were investigated to establish partial least squares (PLS) models to monitor the moisture content. The results showed that the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was 0.124% for moisture content model, which was much lower than that without valid spectra selection treatment. All results demonstrated that with the help of valid spectra selection treatment, NIR sensor could be used for real-time determination of critical quality attributes (CQAs) more accurately. It makes the manufacturing easier to understand than the process parameter control.

声纳系统是水下**装备的重要组成部分, 其发展趋向隐蔽性、小型化。文章提出了一种基于小型化三元阵列式微机电系统(MEMS)水听器的被动定位系统。首先, 设计了一种三元阵列式MEMS水听器, 即在同一芯片上集成三个不同角度偏差的MEMS矢量敏感单元; 其次, 在充分分析水听器工作原理的基础上建立了阵列式水听器的定位模型, 并通过仿真验证了其设计的合理性; 最后, 以STM32单片机为控制核心设计了阵列式MEMS水听器的信号处理与目标定位系统。这种三元阵列式MEMS水听器在仿真定位中展现了良好的定位精度, 充分证明了本系统设计的正确性及实用性。

光谱混合机制研究对混合像元解算具有一定指导意义。 利用全波段光谱仪累积期和消融期对规则和非规则分布模式下积雪-荒漠植被混合像元及纯净积雪和荒漠植被像元控制式采集反射光谱。 K-均值法计算采集影像积雪和荒漠植被面积比并分析其对应混合像元光谱变化特征以获取更加精细的光谱特征信息, 准同步Tetracam ADC3(Agricultural Digital Camera 3)采集图像并计算典型指数, 从微观尺度上证实了混合像元主要出现在地类边界处。 结果发现, 1 456～1 697 nm粗粒径冻结雪反射光谱高于新雪反射光谱, 新雪反射光谱明显高于陈雪; 因冻结覆冰, 荒漠植被光谱为积雪、 冰晶和植被枝干混合光谱信息, 新降积雪覆盖植被光谱特征为积雪和植被枝干的混合光谱信息, 不存在常规绿色植被“红边”效应; 采集角度为5°和10°时光谱低于垂直角度采集光谱, 角度大于10°随角度增加荒漠植被光谱逐渐增大。 像元内各个组成物质的面积比及所处像元的位置、 采集角度和方向都会影响混合像元的光谱组合信息。

A simple and novel method has been proposed to determine the enantiomeric composition of racemate praziquantel (PZQ) by using the analysis of ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy combined with partial least squares (PLS). This method does not rely on the use of expensive carbohydrates such as cyclodextrins, but on the use of inexpensive sucrose, which is equally effective as carbohydrate. PZQ has two enantiomers. Through measuring the slight difference in the UV spectral absorption of PZQ due to different interactions between its two enantiomers and sucrose, the enantiomeric composition was determined by a quantitative model based on PLS analysis. The model showed that the correlation coe±cients of calibration set and validation set were 0.9971 and 0.9972, respectively. The root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were 0.0167 and 0.0129, respectively. Then, the independent data of PZQ tablets were also used to test how well the quantitative model of PLS predicted the enantiomeric composition. The ratio of S-PZQ in tablet was 0.492, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography as the reference value. Six solutions of the tablet samples were prepared, and the ratios of S-PZQ in tablet samples in the validation set were predicted by the PLS model. Their relative errors with the reference value were not more than 4%. Therefore, the established model could be accurate and employed to predict the enantiomeric compositions of PZQ tablets.

Human albumin (HA) is a very important blood product which requires strict quality control strategy. Acid precipitation is a key step which has a great effect on the quality of final product. Therefore, a new method based on quality by design (QbD) was proposed to investigate the feasibility of realizing online quality control with the help of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and chemometrics. The pH value is the critical process parameter (CPP) in acid precipitation process, which is used as the end-point indicator. Six batches, a total of 74 samples of acid precipitation process, were simulated in our lab. Four batches were selected randomly as calibration set and remaining two batches as validation set. Then, the analysis based on material information and three different variable selection methods, including interval partial least squares regression (iPLS), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and correlation coe±cient (CC) were compared for eliminating irrelevant variables. Finally, iPLS was used for variables selection. The quantitative model was built up by partial least squares regression (PLSR). The values of determination coe±cients (R2c and R2p ), root mean squares error of prediction (RMSEP), root mean squares error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean squared error of cross validation (RMSECV) were 0.969, 0.953, 0.0496, 0.0695 and 0.0826, respectively. The paired t test and repeatability test showed that the model had good prediction ability and stability. The results indicated that PLSR model could give accurate measurement of the pH value.

建立了光模块三维模型, 通过有限元仿真分析了器件工作时的温度分布特性。结果表明, 屏蔽罩的存在阻挡了芯片换热, 影响了芯片的散热效率; 利用红外摄像机观测芯片的工作温度, 并与仿真结果进行对比, 验证了仿真结果的准确性。根据分析结论, 提出了改进屏蔽罩结构以提高对流换热效率的优化设计措施。仿真结果表明此方法具有可行性, 对光模块产品的结构设计与优化具有实际意义。